What causes obesity goes beyond eating too much and exercising too little. Several factors seem to influence and reinforce each other. The complete physiological process is not easily understood. However, the disease process generally tends to become completely independent: the more conspicuous the overweight, the more relentlessly the body protects the extra pounds.
Eating Behavior (Alimentary Obesity)
One thing is clear: people who eat too much and who have high calories will most likely gain weight. However, the quantity of weight gain depends on many factors and varies too much.
Some researchers also think that it is not the total amount of calories which are the key to determining obesity, but the composition of the diet. Oils of polyunsaturated fatty acids, for instance, will not give you as much weight as saturated fats. Sweets of course will make you fatter that vegetable of equivalent calories.
Lack Of Exercise
If you have a “healthy” average calorie intake, that is, you gain more calories than you consume, then your weight increases. If you are reluctant to move then you can eat less without gaining fat. On one hand, more energy is usually used during activity. But it also has effects after that. Even when the activity is over, the body uses a little more energy than normal.
The decisive element is not just the current degree of exercise: many that do have a reduced amount of muscle mass. But muscle, for example, consumes more energy for rest than fat tissue. As muscles decrease, the so-called basal metabolic rate often decreases, which is the body’s energy demand.
The concern is that social networks, above all, encourage young people to sit with imaginary peers rather than exercise or engage in sports.
More and more people now engage in a lifestyle that gives them more weight: many workers waste a large part of their day on PCs. Running and cycling have been replaced by driving or public transport; Many of them no longer need escalators and elevators.
Metabolism
Basal metabolism relies on other influences. So, in reality, there are people who eat normally and yet get fat. They’re named strong feed consumers. That sounds fine at first, but it’s troublesome in periods of over-size food supply. This is mainly a predisposition, but it may also be induced or worsened by diets. The metabolism slows down, then. Conversely, there are still very lean individuals who feed well-without getting a lot of balance activity.
Obese people often lose less heat energy thanks to the insulating layer of fat beneath their skin. As a result, they have to turn less energy into food, because they consume fewer calories.
Environment Shapes Eating Behavior
Eating habits are significantly shaped in childhood and adolescence. However, an increasing number of children do not learn how to handle food properly at home or at school. For example, uncontrolled access to sweets disturbs the natural rhythm of hunger and food intake: people eat constantly and always.
The family often lacks time for cooking and meals together. The gap is filled by fast food offers. This means that some people consume high-calorie convenience foods practically around the clock. Sugar-containing, fatty foods are often significantly cheaper than high-quality foods.
Genetic Causes
Genes play a significant part in the production of obesity: the findings of twin experiments show that in between 40 to 70 per cent of cases, obesity may be linked to hereditary factors.
Nonetheless, the amount of genes implicated in the production of obesity and how also remains unknown. Around 100 genes that are thought to be linked with obesity and obesity are identified to date.
The “FTO mutation” is also the focus of obese research. The gene appears to be involved in appetite control. Persons with gene defects can be quicker to complete and so gain weight sooner.
Genetics may also be the “individual target weight.” To date, it is completely unclear the underlying mechanisms. However, adoptive children’s trials are only concerned with a genetically modified weight target: in such studies, the weight of children adopted in adulthood was smaller than that of adoptive parents, as well as maternal parents and siblings’ weight.
Epigenetic programming
Not only do genes themselves have a significant effect on weight, but also on how involved they are in the body. What several people do not know is that a significant portion of the genes are totally silenced and not utilized at all.
These are still conditioned in the fetus, among other things. When a mother is overweight or has so-called gestational diabetes, infants are sometimes born tall and too big. Your chance of obesity is large since your body is accustomed to oversupply food. The kid continues to consume too much over a lifetime. His body often tolerates a higher degree of blood sugar.
The so-called epigenetic imprint is especially powerful in pre-birth and in childhood. Yet working environments are often important for the remainder of life. Sport, heat, appetite or excessive over-eating-they may both affect the way cells work in the cells. The positive thing is that a healthy lifestyle ensures that certain harmful genes can be turned off and on also in adulthood.
Diseases That Can Cause Obesity
Some diseases and drugs can also promote weight gain and obesity. Experts then talk about secondary obesity.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): this ovarian cyst disorder affects roughly four to twelve percent of women of childbearing age. Stage and weight conditions are characteristic of the condition.
- Hypercortisolism (cushing) disease: The adrenal glands discharge unnatural cortisone into the blood in this disease. This hormonal substance called cortisone induces a substantial increase in weight, especially if the blood volume is continually on the rise.
- Male testosterone deficiency (hypogonotrophic hypogonadism): men produce less testosterone in this disease, due to insufficient hormone production in the hypophysis gland (hypophysical gland) or midbrain (hypothalamus). This often encourages fat preservation.
- Hereditary disease: People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or LMBBS are often highly fascinated.
- Mental illness: Depressed people or anxiety disorders often also have obesity. Eating is a temporary psyche relief. The psychological stress can increase as the body weight increases, which means that the affected people are eating more and feeling better again.
- Binge Eating disorder
Medication
Some drugs have the unwanted side effect of increasing appetite or retaining more water in the body. Corticosteroids, for example, can minimize painful inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and asthma or other conditions; however, they can induce accumulation of fluids. “They tend to be less physically interested when people take medication and thus eat less calories.”
Other drugs are Psychotropic drugs such as antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs, Antihistamines (medicines for allergies), Antidiabetic drugs, containing glibenclamide and glimepiride. High Blood pressure drugs especially beta blockers, Antiepileptics, and Migraine medication Pizotifen, Flunarizine or Cinnarizine